A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding selected life style modification for the Prevention of Myocardial Infarction among adults (30-45 years) in a Selected Institute at Rajkot

 

Ms. Jigishapatel¹, Mr. Jeenathjustin Doss. K², Mr. Suneesh³

¹II Year M.Sc. (N) MSN (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Nursing) Shri Anand College of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat

²Guide, (M.Sc. (N) MSN Shri Anand College of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat

³Co.Guide, (M.Sc. (N) MSN Shri Anand College of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat

 

ABSTRACT:

The improvement of knowledge regarding life style modification for prevention of myocardial infarction among adults has an important play in enabling the effectiveness of planned teaching programme as an independence nursing intervention. The research design adopted was pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. 50 samples were selected by using convenience sampling technique. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on Ludwing von Bertalanffy (1968) general system theory .the study had been conducted in A V Parekh technical institute, Rajkot. Descriptive and Inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. ‘t’ test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding selected life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction among adults. The obtain ‘t’ value for knowledge was 12.20,which shows highly significant at the level of  0.001.There  finding of the study  revealed that planned teaching programme was effectiveness in improving knowledge regarding selected life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack is the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids and white blood cells in the wall of an artery.¹

 

The resulting ischemia and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death of heart muscle tissue.⁴ Living a healthier life can not only extend your life, it can also improve the quality. Feeling physically better and having control over your own life can greatly increase your mental health as well. Although there are some aspects of physical and mental health that are beyond an individual's control, there are many things that people can do to improve their quality of life.^2,3

 

Modifications of lifestyle are often critically important to adequately control existing hypertension. The elevated blood pressure of patients who are gaining weight, performing little physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol in excess may be impossible to control despite progressively increasing doses of multiple medications.⁴

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Prevalence survey of Myocardial infarction was carried out in a north Indian town involving a house-to-house clinical and electrocardiographic examination of all the 2,030 persons above the age of 30 years residing in the area.The sample is considered adequate and representative of urban population of northern India. The diagnosis of congenital heart disease was based on history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris and electrocardiographic abnormalities according to criteria used by Epstein and associates⁵.

 

Indian develop heart disease about ten years earliar than other population and young Indians often have heart disease as server as older Indians .in west 15% of men and 12% of women who die from heart disease die before reaching 65 years.in india the figure is 35%.more than double the figure of Europeans and Americans still ,heart disease most common cause of premature death in both Europe and US ,but it is primarily a disease of senior citizen with more than 60% of heart attacks and bypass surgeries in the US occurring in people older than 65 years of age. The median age of first heart attack among Europeans is 59 years and 60 years among Chinese. Among people from Indian subcontinent, it is 50 years fully 10 years earlier. ^6,7

 

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of the study are;

1.      To assess the knowledge of patients regarding selected life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction among adults of (30-45 years) in selected institute at Rajkot.

2.      To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding selected life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarctions among adults (30 years-45 years) in selected institute at Rajkot.

3.      To find out the association between pre test level of  knowledge among adults (30 years-45 years)  with their selected socio demographic variable.

 

 

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H_1:-There will be significant difference between pre test and post testknowledge score regarding selected lifestyle modification for prevention of myocardial infarction.

 

H₂:-There will be significant association between the knowledge of adults (30years-45 years) regarding selected lifestyle modification for prevention of myocardial infarction with the selected socio-demographic variables

 

ATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:

Research design:

Pre-test-post test group design was chosen for this study without randomization. Assessment was made before and after the intervention.

 

Setting:

The study was conducted with the permission of higher authority of AV Parekh technical institute, Rajkot

 

Population:

The population consist of adults in A V Parekh technical institute at Rajkot.

 

Sample:

In this study, the sample size was decided to be 50 who are working in college.

 

Sampling technique:

The process of selecting a portion of the population is to represent the entire population. The samples were selected for this study by adopting Non probability purposive sampling technique. Samples were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

 

Data analysis:

The demographic variables were analysed by using descriptive measures (frequency and percentage). The effectiveness of knowledge regarding life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction was analysed by using t-test. The association between the levels of knowledge by Chi-square.

 

FINDINGS:

Major finding of the study:

Major study findings includes

 

A. Findings related to demographic variables of the study

1     The majority of 35 (70%) sample’s age is between 30-35 years

2     The majority of 33 (66%) samples are male.

3     The majority of 42 (84%) samples are no any family history of myocardial infarction.

4     The majority of 47 (94%) samples are vegetarian.

5     The majority of 38 (76%) sample’s not having previous exposure of medical educational class.

6     The majority of 22(44%) of samples internet health knowledge.

7     The majority of 48 (96%) samples are not having any kind of personal habits.

 

With regard to effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction among adults, the obtained ‘t’ value for the level of knowledge was 12.26 that was significant at p<0.001 level.

 

With regard to association between the levels of knowledge with their selected demographic variable Eating habits significant association found. The study shows that the calculated Chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for these demographic variables. This shows there is a significant association between the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the Adults had inadequate and moderate level of knowledge in pre test and they improved to moderate and adequate level of knowledge in post test. This shows the imperative need to understand the purpose of the Planned teaching programme regarding improving the knowledge about life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction and it will improve the knowledge of life style modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Mendis: Heart disease (online). Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_disease. (Accessed on 10^th July 2014)

2.       Meung M:myocardial infarction  (online): Available from http://food.ndtv.com (accessed on 13^th May 2016)

3.       S Pandey: myocardial infarction (online): Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease (Accessed on 23rd August 2013)

4.       Bridget M Cuehn. myocardial infarction (online). Available from: mmhttp://circ.ahajournals.org (Accessed on 21^st March 2014)

5.       Albert V: dietary pattern for myocardial infarction (online). Available from: http://patient.info.in. (Accessed on 12^th January 2010)

6.       S Kumar: prevalence of myocardial infarction (online). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nmi.nih.gov.nature.com. (Accessed on 13rd March 2011)

7.       Anupkumar T: myocardial infarction The leading cause of death (online). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. (Accessed on 26^th March 2013)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 06.10.2017           Modified on 16.11.2017

Accepted on 28.12.2017     © A&V Publications all right reserved